Process for making wet-skin treatment compositions

ABSTRACT

The invention provides process for making wet skin treatment compositions for use during bathing. The compositions are activated by water and retained efficiently on skin. The compositions impart desirable benefits to skin, are perceived to absorb quickly on wet skin, and leave the skin feeling clean, but non-greasy.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] The present application is a continuation in part application ofU.S. Ser. No. 09/859,862, filed May 19, 2001 entitled “Wet SkinTreatment Compositions”.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present invention relates to a process for making wet-skintreatment compositions that are designed for use during bathing toimpart desirable properties to the skin, help maintain its health andprotect it from environmental stress. By using aqueous dispersions ofspecific structured oil phases which have defined size (wt. averageabout 20 to about 500 microns) and which satisfy specific criteria intests defined herein, applicants have obtained compositions that areactivated by water and retained efficiently on skin. These compositionsimpart these desirable benefits to the skin, are perceived to absorbquickly on wet skin, leaving the skin feeling clean and non-greasy afterrinsing. Thus, the consumer obtains the benefit of oily benefit agentfrom the wash (from oil droplets formed by said process), but does notperceive “greasy” feeling often associated with the benefit agent evenafter rinsing.

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION

[0003] Compositions that can effectively moisturize and protect the skinduring the bathing process while the skin is still wet are a potentiallyconvenient, and time saving approach to skin treatment. By bathing ismeant any number of processes commonly used to cleanse the body andface, e.g., showering. To be truly effective, these compositions must besuch that an adequate level of benefit agent is retained on the skinafter rinsing and/or towel drying without at the same time imparting anexcessively oily feel to the wet and dry skin and without leaving itlooking too shiny.

[0004] Bath oil which is used by some consumers, must be appliedsparingly because it does not absorb efficiently on the skin and theexcess can be very oily and messy. Furthermore light bath oils (i.e.,oils that have a low viscosity and spread on the skin) absorb morerapidly to overcome this problem are not very effective in providinglonger lasting benefits.

[0005] Conventional oil-in-water emulsion type skin lotions or creamsthat are designed to be applied to dry skin, even water resistantvariants, are very poorly retained when applied to wet skin that iseither further rinsed or towel dried. By contrast, conventionalwater-in-oil skin lotions that are designed for application to dry skinare very efficiently retained on wet skin but are excessively greasy andmessy and are not perceived to absorb quickly.

[0006] U.S. Pat. No. 5,578,299 to Starch and U.S. Pat. No. 5,928,632 aredirected to gelled mineral oil compositions wherein the mineral oil isgelled by a specific oil soluble copolymers (ethylene/propylene/styrene/and butylene/ethylene/styrene). No mention is made of structured oilswherein the structurant forms a network of finely divided solids, northe criticality of the rheological properties of such networks, or ofthe droplet size. There is certainly no process for making suchcompositions disclosed.

[0007] Further, the compositions described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,578,299 toStarch and U.S. Pat. No. 5,928,632 although they deposit on skin, arestill perceived as greasy.

[0008] U.S. Pat. No. 5,661,189 to Grieveson et al is directed to anaqueous cleansing and moisturizing composition containing a dispersionof a thickened benefit agent. No mention is made of the criticality thatthe composition should have a mildness index as measured by the zeinsolubility test below a specific value (essentially equal to water).Furthermore, there is no mention that the compositions of U.S. Pat. No.5,661,189 must have a foam generation index below a critical value asmeasured by the shake test (essentially non-foaming), and no mentionthat the thickening agents must be limited to structurants thatspecifically form a network of finely divided solids having theproperties defined herein.

[0009] Finally, in copending U.S. Ser. No. 09/796,150 entitled “Processfor Making Mild Moisturizing Liquids Containing Large Oil Droplet”,applicants disclose a process for making large oil droplets usingscreens. This application, however, is specific to compositionscontaining surfactant (5 to 35% surfactant) and further does not relateto an oil structured by finely divided solids.

[0010] Thus, there remains a need for compositions and process of makingsuch compositions that can be applied to wet skin, absorb quickly andare perceived to be effective skin treatments and provide naturallooking and natural feeling skin.

[0011] One objective of the current invention is to provide a process ofmaking composition in which the benefit agent efficiently deposits onwet-skin and is retained to a high degree when the skin is subsequentlyrinsed and dried.

[0012] A further objective is to provide a process of making acomposition in which the oil phase is perceived to rapidly absorb whenthe composition is applied and rubbed on the wet skin.

[0013] A further objective is to provide a process of making acomposition that is perceived to moisturize and protect the skin whilestill being perceived to leave the skin clean and with a natural lookand a moisturized feel.

[0014] A still further objective of the present invention is to providea convenient method to moisturize and treat the skin to yield anenduring effect that can be accomplished conveniently and routinely in asingle step as part of the bathing process. Such a process will obviatethe need for separate treatments.

[0015] Applicants have found that these and other objectives can berealized through the use of oil-in-water compositions in which the oilphase is specifically structured through a network comprising finelydivided solid particle and the structured phase and the compositionposses specific functional properties according to the tests describedherein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0016] The subject invention provides a process for making skin caretreatment compositions that are designed for use during bathingcomprising an aqueous dispersion of one or more water-insoluble skincompatible oils which is structured by a stable network of finelydivided solid particles. Provided the composition meets specificrequirements in the tests set forth herein, the applicants have obtainedcompositions that are perceived to absorb quickly on wet skin, andimpart their benefits while leaving the skin feeling non-greasy/oilyafter rinsing and/or drying. The inventive process comprises mixingvarious recited phases and passing through sized screens.

[0017] More specifically, the invention provides a wet-skin treatmentcomposition, comprising:

[0018] a) an aqueous phase comprising water and a dispersion stabilizer;

[0019] b) a structured oil phase comprising:

[0020] i) a liquid, skin compatible oil,

[0021] ii) a structurant that forms a stable network of finely dividedsolids in said liquid skin compatible oil at a temperature below 35° C.and wherein said structurant is present in an amount sufficient to causesaid oil phase to have a viscosity of 100 to 5000 poise measured at 1sec-1 at 25° C.;

[0022] wherein said structured oil phase is capable of being efficientlyretained on the skin upon rinsing as measured by a Skin RetentionEfficiency Index of at least 0.15 as determined in the In-Vitro SkinRetention Test;

[0023] wherein said oil-in-water emulsion has a Zein Solubility below0.3 as measured by the Zein Solubility Test, and a Foam Volume below 5cc as measured in the Solution Shake Test;

[0024] wherein said process comprises:

[0025] (i) mixing structured oil phase and aqueous phase comprisingdispersion stabilizer to form droplets of an aqueous solution containingoil mixture having wt. average droplet size of larger than 100 microns,preferably larger than 300 up to about 5000 microns as a practicallimitation and theoretically even larger; and

[0026] (ii) passing said mixture through an in-line screen (e.g., ascreen within the pipe) having an opening of up to 2000 micrometers tomake oil droplets of about 20 to 300 microns in size.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0027] The composition made by the process described herein is designedfor use as part of the bathing process to essentially treat the skinafter it has been cleansed but while it is wet. To be of most utility,the composition should behave in an optimal fashion when it is used.Firstly the composition should be capable of depositing its beneficialingredients quickly on the wet skin after the composition is applied.The beneficial agents should only deposit on the skin during activerubbing, or there is a chance it will cause a slipping hazard. Secondly,the beneficial agents should be such that it is perceived to be quicklyabsorbed by the wet skin much like a conventional lotion is perceived toabsorb on dry skin following rubout. Thirdly, the benefit agents shouldbe substantively retained on the skin following further rinsing as wouldoccur by a consumer rinsing off excess material, or casual exposure tothe shower stream. Finally, the composition should confer desirablebenefits to the skin that last longer than a few minutes while providinga clean and non-greasy/oily feel and appearance after bathing.

[0028] It should be understood that the terms “substantial retention”and “non-greasy/oily feel” are somewhat relative variables because theyare subject to the variability of human preference. For example, someconsumers, especially those with dry skin, appreciate a highly unctuousskin feel while others have an aversion to any perception of oiliness(oily skin consumers). Furthermore, the optimum level of materialretention and skin lubricity are also dependent on skin color andoverall skin condition. Consequently it is not practical and in fact notdesirable to place overdue limitations on retention and lubricitybecause the compositions of this invention are desirably tailored tomeet the needs and preferences of different types of consumers. Notwithstanding this limitation, it is desirable that the compositions arecapable of efficient delivery of benefit agents to the skin.

[0029] It is possible to achieve the optimal behavior described abovewith a composition employing specific aqueous dispersions of structuredoils that meet specific functional criteria.

[0030] The elements of the invention and their functional properties aredescribed in more detail below.

[0031] Aqueous Phase

[0032] The aqueous phase generally comprises 50 to about 97 wt. % of thecomposition and can be predominantly water. The aqueous phase is thecontinuous phase of the instant composition in which the structured oilphase is dispersed. The aqueous phase contains the dispersion stabilizer(discussed below), and optionally such ingredients as preservatives,wetting agents, auxiliary emulsifiers and various optional benefitagents (see below)

[0033] A Structured Oil Phase

[0034] The structured oil phase comprises two essential components: askin compatible oil, and a structurant that can form a stable network ata temperature below 35° C.

[0035] Skin Compatible Oils

[0036] A skin compatible oils is defined here as an oil that is liquidat the temperature at which bathing is carried out that is deemed safefor use in cosmetics being either inert to the skin or actuallybeneficial. The most useful skin compatible oils for the presentinvention include ester oils, hydrocarbon oils, and silicone oils.

[0037] Ester oils as the name implies have at least one ester group inthe molecule. One type of common ester oil useful in the presentinvention are the fatty acid mono and polyesters such as cetyloctanoate, octyl isonanoanate, myristyl lactate, cetyl lactate,isopropyl myristate, myristyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, isopropyladipate, butyl stearate, decyl oleate, cholesterol isostearate, glycerolmonostearate, glycerol distearate, glycerol tristearate, alkyl lactate,alkyl citrate and alkyl tartrate; sucrose ester, sorbitol ester, and thelike.

[0038] A second type of useful esters oil is predominantly comprised oftriglycerides and modified triglycerides. These include vegetable oilssuch as jojoba, soybean, canola, sunflower, safflower, rice bran,avocado, almond, olive, sesame, persic, castor, coconut, and mink oils.Synthetic triglycerides can also be employed provided they are liquid atroom temperature. Modified triglycerides include materials such asethoxylated and maleated triglyceride derivatives provided they areliquids. Proprietary ester blends such as those sold by Finetex asFinsolv are also suitable, as is ethylhexanoic acid glyceride.

[0039] A third type of ester oil is liquid polyester formed from thereaction of a dicarboxylic acid and a diol. An example of polyesterssuitable for the present invention is the polyesters marketed by ExxonMobil under the trade name PURESYN ESTER®.

[0040] A second class of skin compatible oils suitable for the presentinvention is liquid hydrocarbons. These include linear and branched oilssuch as liquid paraffin, squalene, squalane, mineral oil, low viscositysynthetic hydrocarbons such as polyalphaolefin sold by Exxon Mobil underthe trade name of PureSyn PAO and polybutene under the trade namePANALANE or INDOPOL. Light (low viscosity) highly branched hydrocarbonoils are also suitable.

[0041] Petrolatum is a unique hydrocarbon material and a usefulcomponent of the present invention. Since it is only partially comprisedof a liquid fraction at room temperature, it is more properly regardedas either the “~structured oil phase” when present by itself oralternatively as the “structurant” (see below) when admixed with otherskin compatible oils.

[0042] A third class of useful skin compatible oils is silicone based.They include linear and cyclic polydimethyl siloxane, organo functionalsilicones (alkyl and alkyl aryl), and amino silicones.

[0043] Structurant

[0044] The second component of the structured oil phase is a structurant. The structurant must satisfy two requirements.

[0045] Firstly, the structurant must be capable of forming a stablenetwork of finely divided solids in skin compatible oil phase at atemperature below 35° C. This property is critical so that thestructured oil is active during use but is not perceived as gritty. Byfinely divided solids we mean a network comprised of particles of aweight average size predominantly below about 25 microns, preferablybelow 10 microns and most preferably below 1 micron. By stable, we meanthe network survives at least one month of storage at 25° C. and 35° C.

[0046] The second requirement is that the structurant providesstructured oil phase with the correct rhelogical properties. To provideeffective deposition and retention to the skin, the structured oil phaseshould have a viscosity in the range of 100 to 5000 poise measured at 1Sec-1, preferably 200-3000 poise, and most preferably 200-2000 poise asdetermined by Haake rotational viscometer utilizing concentriccylinders.

[0047] It is also desirable for the oil phase be pseudoplastic, i.e., tohave shear thinning behavior to facilitate an elegant rub-in of the oilphase after it deposits on skin. Thus especially preferred stucturantsare those that can meet the above requirements and also produce astructured oil phases that has a viscosity in the range of 30-200 poisemeasured at 10 sec-1, preferably 40-150 poise at 10 sec-1 measured withHaake viscometer as noted above.

[0048] Structurants meeting the above requirements with the selectedskin compatible oil can form 3-dimensional network to build up theviscosity of the selected oils. It has been found that such structuredoil phases, i.e., built with the 3-dimensional network, are extremelydesirable for use as wet-skin treatment compositions used in bathing.These structured oils can deposit and be retained very effectively onwet skin and retained after rinsing and drying to provide long-lastingafter wash skin benefit without causing a too oily/greasy wet and dryfeel. It is believed that the highly desirable in-use and after-useproperties of the such structured oils are due to their shear thinningTheological properties and the weak structure of the network. Due to itshigh low-shear viscosity, the solid-network structured oil can stick andretain well on the skin during application of the skin conditioner.After being deposited on the skin, the network yields easily duringrubbing due to the weak structuring of the crystal network and its lowerhigh-shear viscosity.

[0049] The structurant can be either an organic or inorganicstructurant. Preferred inorganic structurants are hydrophobicallymodified silica or hydrophobically modified clay with particle size lessthan 1 micrometer. Examples are Bentone 27V, Bentone 38V or Bentone gelMIO V from Rheox, and Cab-O-Sil TS720 or Cab-O-Sil M5 from CabotCorporation.

[0050] The organic structurants are either crystalline solids oramorphous gels with molecular weight less than 5,000 Daltons, preferablyless than 3,000 Daltons.

[0051] Preferred organic structurants have a melting point greater than35° C., preferably greater than 40° C. Especially preferred structurantsare those that can form a solution with the selected skin compatible oilat a temperature higher than their melting point to form a free flowingclear solution. Upon cooling to the ambient temperature, the organicstructurant precipitate from the oil phase to form a 3-dimensionalcrystal structure providing the physical properties set forth above.

[0052] Examples of organic thickeners suitable for the invention aresolid fatty acid esters, natural or modified fats, fatty acid, fattyamine, fatty alcohol, natural and synthetic waxes, and petrolatum.Petrolatum is a preferred organic structuring agents.

[0053] Particularly preferred organic structurants are solid fatty acidesters and petrolatum. Examples of solid fatty esters are mono, di ortri glycerides derivatives of palmitic acid, stearic acid, orhydroxystearic acid; sugar fatty ester or fatty esters of dextrin.Examples of these polyol fatty acid esters are described in U.S. Pat.Nos. 5,427,704, 5,472,728, 6,156,369, 5,490,995 and EP patent 398409incorporated by reference herein. Trihydroxystearin sold under the tradename of THIXCIN R from Rheox Corporation is found particularly usefulfor structuring triglyceride ester oils.

[0054] The level of structurant present in the structured oil phase canbe in the range of 1 to 90% and depends on the type of structurant usedand the nature of the skin compatible oil. For solid organicstructurants such as trihydroxystearin, the preferred level is 3 to 15%.However, the exact levels used should provide a stable network havingthe desired viscosity in the range of 100 to 5000 poise measured at ashear rate of 1 Sec-1 and can be readily optimized by one skilled in theart.

[0055] The structured oil phase comprising the skin compatible oil(s)and the structurant(s) described above are dispersed in the aqueousphase to form droplets that have a weight average droplet diameter thatis in the range of about 20 to about 500, preferably 20 to 300 microns.

[0056] Generally the structured oil phase is present in the wet-skintreatment composition at a level of 3 wt. % to about 50 wt. %,preferably from 4 wt. % to about 35 wt. %, and most preferably from 5wt. % to about 25 wt. %.

[0057] Dispersion Stabilizer

[0058] A third required element of the invention is an emulsionstabilizer (found in aqueous phase). The dispersion stabilizer mustprovide adequate storage stability to the composition. Since thedispersed phase (i.e., the structured oil phase) has a weight averagedroplet size that is greater than 20 microns typically in the range of20-300 microns it is prone to separate under the action of gravity(creaming or sedimentation depending upon its density). The dispersedstructured oil phases of this invention are also prone to stick togetherand coalesce. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that thestable sold network facilitates coalescence by providing asperities thatinduce film rupture. The same property that is useful in achievingefficient deposition on skin also makes the structured phase prone toinstability on storage.

[0059] The most effective dispersion stabilizers are consequently thosethat can provide an adequate structure to the aqueous phase toimmobilize the droplets thus preventing both gravitational separationand collision with other droplets. However, if the dispersion is toostable, the droplets of structured oil are inhibited from coming intoproximity with the skin and thus effectively depositing. Therefore, themost effective dispersion stabilizers provided have excellent stabilityin the bottle but loose their effectiveness in immobilizing thestructured oil when they are applied to wet skin.

[0060] Aqueous dispersion stabilizers useful in the instant inventioncan be organic, inorganic or polymeric stabilizers. Specifically, thecompositions comprise 0.1 to 10% by wt. of an organic, inorganic orpolymeric stabilizer which should provides physical stability of thelarge structured oil droplets, in the surfactant composition at 40° C.for over four weeks.

[0061] Inorganic dispersion stabilizers suitable for the inventionincludes, but are not limited to clays, and silicas. Examples of claysinclude smectite clay selected from the group consisting of bentoniteand hectorite and mixtures thereof. Synthetic hectorite (laponite) clayused in conjunction with an electrolyte salt capable of causing the clayto thicken (alkali and alkaline earth salts such as halides, ammoniumsalts and sulfates) particularly useful. Bentonite is a colloidalaluminum clay sulfate. Examples of silica include amorphous silicaselected from the group consisting of fumed silica and precipitatedsilica and mixtures thereof.

[0062] Organic dispersion stabilizer are defined here as organicmolecules that have a molecular weight generally lower than 1000 Daltonsand form a network in the aqueous phase that immobilizes the dispersedstructured oil phase. This network is comprised either of amorphoussolids, crystals, or liquid crystalline phase. Suitable organicdispersion stabilizers for the instant invention are well know in theart and include, but are not limited to any of several types of longchain acyl derivatives or mixtures thereof. Included are the glycolmono- di- and triesters having about 14 to about 22 carbon atoms.Preferred glycol esters include the ethylene glycol mono- anddistearates, glyceryl stearates, palm oil glyceride, tripalmitin,tristearin and mixtures thereof.

[0063] Another example of organic dispersion stabilizer arealkanolamides having from about 14 to about 22 carton atoms. Preferredalkanolamides are stearic monoethanolamide, stearic diethanolamidestearic monoisopropanolamide, stearic monoethanolamide stearate andmixtures thereof.

[0064] Still another class of useful dispersion stabilizer is long chainfatty acid esters such as stearyl stearate, stearyl palmitate, palmitylpalmitate, trihydroxystearylglycerol and tristearylglycerol.

[0065] Another type of organic dispersion stabilizers is the so-calledemulsifying waxes such as mixtures of cetostearyl alcohol withpolysorbate 60, cetomacriogol 1000, cetrimide; a mixture of glycerolmonostearate with a stearic soap, and partially neutralized stearic acid(to form a stearate gel).

[0066] Still another example of a suitable dispersion stabilizing agentis long chain amine oxides having from about 14 to about 22 carbonatoms. Preferred amine oxides are hexadecyldimethylamine oxide andoctadecyldimethylamide oxide.

[0067] Example of a suitable polymeric dispersion stabilizing agentsuseful in the present invention include: carbohydrate gums such ascellulose gum, microcrystalline cellulose, cellulose gel, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose,hydroxymethyl carboxymethyl cellulose, carrageenan, hydroxymethylcarboxypropyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, guar gum,gum karaya, gum tragacanth, gum arabic, gum acacia, gum agar, xanthangum and mixtures thereof. Preferred carbohydrate gums are the cellulosegums and xanthan gum.

[0068] An especially preferred types of polymeric dispersion stabilizeragent include acrylate containing homo and copolymers. Examples includethe crosslinked poly acrylates sold by B. F. Goodrich under the CARBOPOLtrade name; the hydrophobically modified cross linked polyacrylates soldby B. F. Goodrich under the PEMULEN trade name; and the alkali swellableacrylic latex polymers sold by Rohm and Haas under the ARYSOL or ACULYNtrade names.

[0069] The above dispersion stabilizers can be used alone or in mixturesand may be present in an amount from about 0.1 wt. % to about 10 wt. %of the composition.

[0070] Auxiliary Benefit Agents

[0071] The composition can optionally contain a variety of auxiliaryagents. These auxiliary agents: functional skin benefit agents; sensorymodifiers; and miscellaneous ingredients such as essential oils, andpreservatives.

[0072] Functional Skin Benefit Agents

[0073] These materials function to in some way improve the state of theskin and include the following:

[0074] a) humectants used to retain water in the skin such as glycerol,sorbitiol, glycols, polyols, urea and their mixtures;

[0075] b) lipid barrier repair agents that are useful for strengthening,and replenishing the stratum corneum's barrier lipids such ascholesterol, cholesterol esters, ceramides, and pseudoceramides;

[0076] c) additional occlusive agents used to hold water in the stratumcorneum such as natural and synthetic waxes and polyethylene;

[0077] d) vitamins used to strengthen the skin such as vitamin A, B, andE and vitamin alkyl esters, including vitamin C alkyl esters;,

[0078] e) anti-aging agents used to exfoliate and stimulate cellturnover such as

and

hydroxy acids, retinol, and retinol esters;

[0079] f) Sunscreens such block the suns harmful UV rays such as octylmethoxy cinnamate (Parsol MCX) and butyl methoxy benzoylmethane (Parsol1789), ultra-fine TiO2, ZnO and their mixtures;

[0080] g) skin lightening agents used to increase the lightness on theskin such as niacinamide;

[0081] h) antimicrobial agents such as2-hydroxy-4,2′,4′-trichlorodiphenylether (Triclosan or Ergasan DP300)and 3,4,4′-trichlorocarbanilide (TCC);

[0082] i) antioxidants used to reduce photodamage and premature damagedue to excessive oxidation such as ascorby palmitate, Vitamin E acetate,butylated hydroxyanisole and; 2,6-ditertiarybutylpara-cresol;

[0083] j) insect repellants such as N,N-dimethy-m-toluamide,3-(N-butyl-Nacetyl)-aminopropionic acid, ethyl ester and dipropylisocinchomeronate.

[0084] mixtures of any of the foregoing components.

[0085] Sensory Modifiers

[0086] These materials improve the aesthetic properties of theformulation and can be mixed with the structured oil phase before addingit into the aqueous phase or can be added to the aqueous phase to form asolution or dispersion. Suitable sensory modifiers include:

[0087] a′) emollient oils and emollient waxes used to improve the feelof the composition after rubbing into the skin, including: siliconeresins, natural and synthetic waxes such as carnauba, spermaceti,beeswax, lanolin and derivatives thereof; higher fatty acids and alcohol

[0088] b′) skin conditioning polymers that can alter the wet and dryskin feel provided by the composition. Such polymers include non-ionicpolymers such as polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrollidone, anionic polymers such as polyaspartate, poly maleates andsulfonates, cationic polymers and their mixtures. Suitable cationicpolymers include Guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, Quaternium-19,-23, -40, -57, poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride), poly (dimethylbutenyl ammonium chloride)-, w-bis (triethanolammonium chloride), poly(dipropyldiallylammonium chloride), poly (methyl-betapropaniodiallylammonium chloride), poly (diallylpiperidinium chloride),poly (vinyl pyridinium chloride), quaternised poly (vinyl alcohol),quaternized poly (dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate), and water insolublepolymers especially useful to modify wet skin feel such as polybutene,polyisobutene, polyisoprene, polybutadiene, polyalphaolefin andpolyesters; and mixtures thereof.

[0089] c′) perfumes used to provide in-use fragrance and lingeringfragrance on skin;

[0090] d′) distributing agents (also called a wetting agents) used tohelp the wet-skin treatment composition spread easily and uniformly overthe body and reduce drag such as alkyl betaines, nonionic surfactants,silicone surfactants, and high molecular weight polyethene oxide.

[0091] e′) Emulsifying and dispersing agents that can reduce interfacialespecially useful during processing. Some exemplary materials include:alkyl glycosides, other nonionic, cationic, and zwitterionic surfactants

[0092] f′) chemosensory used to provide pleasant sensations like coolingsuch menthol and its derivatives, and certain essential oils well knownin the art.

[0093] Miscellaneous Agents

[0094] The composition can also contain a various essential oils suchas, jasmine, camphor, white cedar, bitter orange peel, ryu, turpentine,cinnamon, bergamot, citrus unshiu, calamus, pine, lavender, bay, clove,hiba, eucalyptus, lemon, starflower, thyme, peppermint, rose, sage,menthol, cineole, eugenol, citral, Citronella, borneol, linalool,geraniol, evening primrose, thymol, spirantol, pinene, limonene andterpenoid oils. Further useful classes of materials are preservatives,chelating agents and antioxidants. These materials are especiallyimportant when triglyceride ester oil are employed. Suitablepreservatives for the present composition include:dimethyloldimethylhydantoin (Glydant XL1000), parabens, sorbic acid etc.Suitable chelators include tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate(EDTA) sold under the trade name VERSENE 100XL, and hydroxyethilidenediphosphonic acid sold under the trade name Dequest 2010 or mixtures inan amount of 0.01 to 1%, preferably 0.01 to 0.05%. An example of anantioxidant is butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Chelating agents areuseful in binding metal ions including Ca/Mg as well as transition metalions.

[0095] Still other useful agents include organic solvents, such asethanol; auxiliary thickeners, coloring agents, opacifiers andpearlizers such as zinc stearate, magnesium stearate, TiO₂, EGMS(ethylene glycol monostearate) or Lytron 621 (Styrene/Acrylatecopolymer); all of which are useful in enhancing the appearance orcosmetic properties of the product.

[0096] The compositions described above are meant to be applied towet-skin as a penultimate step or one of the last steps in the bathingprocess. They are also meant to leave a significant portion of theirbeneficial agents in contact with the skin. To be most effective in thisregard the compositions should satisfy three additional requirements.

[0097] The first additional requirement is that the composition shouldbe extremely mild to the skin and should not have any harsh surfactantspresent, which have the potential to be retained and irritate the skinif not completely rinsed. This requirement can be met by ensuring thatthe composition be below a critical value in a test that correlates withthe mildness of an aqueous composition. Such a test is the ZeinSolubility Test (described in the Methods Section below) that is wellknown in the art as a rapid screen for the irritation potential of acomposition especially one that contains surface active materials (W.Kastner and P. J Frosh, skin irritation of various anionic surfactantsin the duhring-chamber-test on volunteers in comparison with in-vitroand animal test methods, Fette Seifen Anstrichhmittel Volume 83, Pages33-46 (1981)). Thus, the wet-skin compositions suitable for the presentuse must have a Mildness Index less than 0.3 wt. % and preferably lessthan 0.1 wt. % as measured by the Zein Solubility Test: a value that isessentially close to the Zein solubility of pure water, about 0.04 to0.06 wt. %.

[0098] The second additional requirement is that the compositions beessentially non-foaming. The reason for this requirement is related tohuman behavior based on experience. Although the treatment compositionsdescribed herein are highly substantive, it is important to minimize howvigorously (time and mechanical action) the skin is rinsed beforebathing is concluded. Foam is a cue that foreign detergent has beenapplied to the skin and must be removed via vigorous rinsing otherwiseit will be left behind. Thus, the wet-skin treatment compositionsdescribed herein should have a Foaming Volume of less than 5 CC,preferably less than 2 CC and most preferably less than 1 CC whenmeasured by the Solution Shake Test described below in the MethodsSection below.

[0099] The last additional requirement is that the wet-skin treatmentcomposition actually deposits sufficient material on the wet skin to beeffective and that this deposited material be retained after rinsing andor towel drying. The method used to measure the ability of thecomposition to be retained on the skin during rinsing is the In-vitroSkin Retention Test described in the Methods Section. Thus, to be aneffective wet skin treatment, the composition should have a SkinRetention Index of at least 0.15, preferably greater than 0.25 and mostpreferably greater than 0.5.

[0100] According to the process of the invention for making thecompositions noted above, the aqueous phase (comprising dispersionstabilizer) is mixed with structured oil phase with sufficient agitationto form droplets of aqueous solution containing oil mixture havingweight average droplet size of larger than 100 microns, preferablylarger than 300 microns up to about 5000 microns as a practical limit.

[0101] Afterwards, the predispersion so formed is passed through ascreen or screens having an opening of up to about 2000 microns in orderto make oil drops of about 20 to 300 microns in size.

[0102] It is preferred to make the oil predispersion using a mixing tankby gently mixing the structured oil with the aqueous phase containingdispersion stabilizer to form large oil-in-water dispersion with weightaverage particle size larger than 300 μm. A mixing tank with a recycleloop is preferred to get uniform oil-in-water dispersion at gentlemixing condition. The large oil predispersion is then passed through ascreen or screens with desirable openings after being discharged andpacked in the bottles to make oil drops of about 20 to 300 microns insize.

TEST METHODS

[0103] This section describes the test methods that are used tocharacterize the wet-skin compositions especially with respect to theirirritation potential,

[0104] Zein Solubility Test (Irritation Potential)

[0105] The Zein solubility test provided a rapid and convenient screenfor irritation potential especially for compositions that containsurface active agents. The procedure is as follows:

[0106] 1. Mix 5 g. of the cleanser with 45 g of deionized water using amagnetic stirrer for 5 to 10 minutes to form an uniform solution.

[0107] 2. Record the pH of the solution.

[0108] 3. Withdraw about 5 ml of the solution and filter it through 0.45micrometer filter into a vial for % solid measurement (mark the solutionas blank).

[0109] 4. Add about 2 g of zein to the remaining solution and mix for 60minutes using a magnetic stirrer. Check the solution every ten minutesto ensure that there is enough undissolved zein in the mixture. If mostof the zein dissolved, add 1 more gram of zein into the solution andcontinue the mixing (always keep zein in excess but not too much becausezein will swells and make the solution difficult to filter).

[0110] 5. After mixing, let the solution settle for 5 minutes. Withdraw5 ml of the supernatant in a syringe and filter it through 0.45 micronfilter into a vial and mark it as sample. (Centrifuge the solution at3,000 rpm for 5 minutes before filtration if the supernatant is hard toseparate).

[0111] 6. Determine the % solid of the blank and the sample by weighingabout 3 to 4 grams of the filtrate in an aluminum dish using ananalytical balance and drying the filtrate overnight in a 75° C. oven.

[0112] 7. Calculate % solid of zein dissolved in the diluted liquidsolution using the following equation.

[0113] % solid of zein solubilised=% solid of sample−% solid of blank

[0114] Solution Shake Test (Foaming)

[0115] This test provided a simple an convenient measure of the abilityof the composition to form foam. The test method is as follows:

[0116] 1. Mix 2 g of the conditioner with 18 g of deionized water forabout 2 to 3 minutes until it forms an uniform solution.

[0117] 2. Add 10 cc of the above diluted conditioner solution to a 50 cccylinder (15 cm high, 2.06 cm in diameter).

[0118] 3. Grape the top of the cylinder and sake the cylinder in a upand down motion 30 times within 8 to 12 seconds.

[0119] 4. Once shaking is over, wait 60 seconds before taking the foammeasurement.

[0120] 5. Measure the foam volume, which is defined as the volume fromthe surface of the solution to the top of the foam column.

[0121] 6. Duplicate the run and take the average as the foam volume of aspecific product.

[0122] The following compositions are used for reference: Shaker TestFoam Composition Volume (CC Foam) Dove All-Day Moisturizing Body Wash 26Oil of Olay Daily Renewal Moisturizing Body Wash 29 Lever 2000 Pure RainBody Wash 43

[0123] In-vitro Skin Retention Test

[0124] This in-vitro test simulates the ability of the composition whenapplied to clean wet skin to be retained after rinsing with water anddrying with a towel. To accomplish this procedure a UV chromophore,Parsol MCX is incorporated into the oil phase of test compositions andused as the detection probe.

[0125] The test procedure is as follows:

[0126] Substrate Preparation

[0127] A sample of porcine skin (3 to 4 weeks old female) used as thesubstrate is washed with 15% NaLES (sodium ethoxy (3 EO) sulfate)solution, rinsed with tap water, pafted dry and shaved. The skin is cutinto pieces approximately 4 cm by 9 cm and stored in the freezer forlater use.

[0128] Test Procedure

[0129] 1. A 4×9 cm sample of skin as prepared above is washed with 0.2to 0.3 grams of a 15% NaLES solution for 30 seconds and rinsed with warmtap water for 30 seconds.

[0130] 2. A calculated amount of shower conditioner (at a dose of 3micrograms per square centimeters) is applied and rubbed in a circularmotion on the skin for 30 seconds.

[0131] 3. The skin is then rinsed with tap water for 30 seconds at aflow rate delivering 13.5 g to 13.8 g of water per second at atemperature of 30° C.

[0132] 4. The skin is patted dry with a paper towel and then left toair-dry for 5 minutes.

[0133] 5. A glass ring of 3 cm in diameter is placed tightly on theskin.

[0134] 6. With a mechanical pipette 5 mL of heptane are dispensed intothe ring while holding the ring tautly.

[0135] 7. The heptane is mixed on the skin with a transfer pipette byslowly squeezing the pipette repeatedly for 2 minutes and 30 seconds.

[0136] 8. After 2 minutes and 30 seconds are up, the heptane istransferred from the ring to a small capped vial.

[0137] 9. Steps 7-9 are repeated. There should be in total ofapproximately 10 mL of heptane in the small vial.

[0138] 10. The vial is weighed and labeled.

[0139] 11. The Parsol MCX concentration in the heptane extract aredetermined with a UV spectrometer (Biorad GS 700) using a 1 cm cell anda wavelength 900 to 1900 Nm.

[0140] 12. The amount of Parsol MCX extracted per cm² of porcine skin isthen calculated as follows:

[0141] MCX extracted per cm²=Wt. % MCX in heptane×Total Wt heptaneextracted÷7 cm²

[0142] 13. The percent of oil retained on the skin is finally calculatedusing the following equation and recorded as % retention of oil afterrinsing.${{Oil}\quad {Retention}\quad {Index}} = \frac{\begin{matrix}{{Amount}{\quad \quad}{of}\quad {Parsol}{\quad \quad}{MCX}\quad {extracted}} \\{{per}{\quad \quad}{cm}^{2}\quad {of}{\quad \quad}{porcine}{\quad \quad}{skin}}\end{matrix}}{\begin{matrix}{{Amount}{\quad \quad}{of}{\quad \quad}{Parsol}\quad {MCX}\quad {dosed}} \\{{per}\quad {cm}^{2}\quad {of}\quad {porcine}\quad {skin}}\end{matrix}}$

[0143] Expert Sensory Panel Evaluation

[0144] This evaluation protocol is used to evaluate the sensoryproperties of the wet-skin treatment compositions and employs an expertsensory panel. The methodology is a variant of that initially proposedTragon and employs a language generation step.

[0145] The procedure is as follows:

[0146] 1. wet hands and forearms under running water for 5 seconds.

[0147] 2. grab the soap bar, wet under running water, and generatelather by rotating the bar 5 times in hand.

[0148] 3. put the bar back, apply the lather on the forearm and wash theforearm for 5 seconds.

[0149] 4. rinse the hands

[0150] 5. rinse the forearm under the running tap water for 5 seconds.

[0151] 6. dispense 0.5 cc product on the forearm from a syringe.

[0152] 7. rub the product all over the forearm for 10 seconds.

[0153] 8. use the hand to help rinse the forearm under running water for7 seconds.

[0154] (evaluate product's rinsing properties and wet-skin feel) 9. patdry the hands and the forearm.

[0155] (evaluate product's skin feel right after and 15 to 20 minutesafter pat dry)

[0156] The key attributes evaluated and its definition are summarized asfollows. Key Attributes Definition of Attributes OILY/GREASY Perceptionof a slippery substance, light and slick (TOUCH) (oily) to heavy andthick (greasy) WAXY COATING A smooth film with slight hesitation whenmove the fingers across the skin RINSEABILITY Ease of rinse off theproduct TACKY/STICKY Resistance/adhesive quality to the skin afterproduct usage DRAG The ability of moving fingers across the skin. (Lowdrag to high drag) HYDRATED/ A feeling of moisture being absorbed intoskin, skin MOISTURIZED not dry. SOFT Skin surface that yields easily tofinger pressure SMOOTH Ease with which the fingers glide across thesurface of the skin AMOUNT OF A feeling of product remaining on thesurface RESIDUAL of skin.

[0157] The water used was 40 PPM hardness expressed as PPM CaCO₃.

[0158] Controlled Application Dryness Tests

[0159] Various controlled application clinical test methods have beendeveloped to quantify the effects of cleansers on the skin, particularlyto examine their relative potential to dry or moisturize the skin andtheir effects on skin barrier function. These tests can easily beadapted to wet-skin treatment compositions because such compositions areessentially rinse-off treatments and can be applied during testing inmuch the same way as cleansers apart from dosage and latherconsiderations. The tests utilize a combination of subjectiveevaluations (visual skin condition assessment by expert graders) as wellas objective measures, i.e. instrumental biophysical measurements toquantitate treatment induced changes to the skin's barrier function andskin's ability to retain moisture. Several well known alternativetechniques can be employed to visual asses dryness, moisturization, andbarrier function using carefully controlled application protocols. Theseinclude the Leg Wash, the Arm Wash, and the Forearm ControlledApplication Test protocol. These protocols are described below:

[0160] Modified Leg Wash Protocol

[0161] This protocol is used to examine the effect of wet-skin treatmentcompositions on improving leg dryness. Study design and procedures areas follows:

[0162] At least 15 female subjects (35-65 year old) are enrolled intothe study and at least 13 must complete the product application phase.Dove® beauty bar was provided for general cleansing six days prior tothe start of test product application. Subject's were instructed tocontinue the use of Dove for home cleansing throughout the study.

[0163] On the first day of product application, a template was used todivided the subjects' legs into a two 54 cm² sites (upper/lower). Twotreatment sessions per day (morning, afternoon) were performed on days1-2, and one wash session was performed in the morning on day 3. Thewashes and/or evaluations were scheduled approximately 4 hours apart.

[0164] The test product application procedure was as follows: The testsite was first washed for 30 seconds with a standard mild cleansingsolution and then rinsed for 15 seconds under running water. Thewet-skin treatment composition (250 uL) was then immediately applied tothe skin. The product was manipulated across the test site for 30seconds, retained for 30 seconds, rinsed for 15-seconds, and patted dry.Study personnel performed all product applications.

[0165] Evaluation Methods

[0166] Baseline visual assessments are made prior to the start of theproduct application phase, and immediately before each treatment sessionto evaluate dryness and erythema thereafter. A test site will bediscontinued if a clinical dryness or erythema score of >3.0 is reached,or at the subject's request. If only one leg is discontinued, theremaining leg will continue to be washed according to schedule. The sameevaluator under conditions that are consistent throughout the study willconduct all of the visual evaluations. The 0-4 grading scale shown inTable 1 is used to assess the test sites for dryness and erythema. Tomaintain the evaluator's blindness to product assignment, the visualassessments will be conducted in a separate area away from the productapplication area.

[0167] Visual Dryness Grading—Leg Wash application

[0168] (Same scale used in Modified Arm Wash Protocol) Grade Dryness 0None 0.5 Perceptible dryness, whiteness in lines of the skin (fine whitelines) 1.0 Slight flaking/uplifting of flakes (patchy and/or powderedappearance. 1.5 Slight to moderate flaking/uplifting flakes (uniform).2.0 Moderate flaking/uplifting flakes, (uniform) and/or slight scaling.2.5 Moderate to severe flaking/uplifting flakes and/or moderate scaling.3.0 Severe flaking/scaling, uplifting of scales and/or slight fissuring3.5 Severe scaling/uplifting scales and/or moderate fissuring 4.0 Severescaling/uplifting scales; with severe fissuring/cracking

[0169] Data Analysis

[0170] If product application has been discontinued on a test site dueto a dryness or erythema score of ≧3.0 all data (clinical grades) atthat evaluation for that subject are carried forward for the remainingtime points. Data for the discontinued sites are used such that the lastacceptable reading (i.e. the last fair comparison) is used as theendpoint in the analysis. Actual data for the discontinued sites isrecorded, but not included in the statistical analysis.

[0171] The dryness and erythema scales are treated as orderedcategorizations; hence, nonparametric statistical methods are used. Ateach evaluation point, the differences in clinical grades (evaluationscore subtracting the baseline score) within each product is evaluatedusing the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test, Pratt-Lehmann version (Lehmann, E.L. Nonparametrics: Statistical Methods Based on Ranks. San Francisco,Calif.: Holden Day, 1975, pg.130). Statistical significance will bedetermined at the 90% confidence level (p<0.10). This will indicate ifthe treatment results are statistically significant from their baselinescore.

[0172] Means, median scores, and mean ranks across all subjects for eachtreatment at each evaluation point are calculated and recorded. At eachevaluation point, the differences in clinical grades(evaluation-baseline) for each test product is evaluated using theWilcoxon Signed-Rank test, Pratt-Lehmann version. This indicates if theproducts are statistically significantly different from each other (90%confidence level (p<0.10).

[0173] For the instrumental data, the same comparisons are made usingparametric statistical methods. The TEWL and conductance measurementsare averaged separately for each subject, site, and session. For alltreatments, treatment differences are statistically compared using apaired t-test at each evaluation point. Statistical significance will bedetermined at the 90% confidence level (p<0.10).

[0174] The data will also be assessed to determine whether one treatmentimpacts skin condition to a greater degree relative to the other testcell through the number of discontinuations. For each attribute, asurvival analysis will examine treatment performance over wash sessions.The analysis will incorporate the number of wash sessions that asubject's treatment site is actually washed in the study. If thetreatment site is discontinued, then the site's survival time isdetermined at that evaluation. An overlay plot of the estimated survivalfunction for each treatment group will be examined. The Log-Rank teststatistic will be computed to test for homogeneity of treatment groups.This test will tell if the survival functions are the same for each ofthe treatment groups. Also, the number of wash sessions survived by atreatment site during the study (prior to the possible discontinuationof that side) will be compared between treatments via a paired t-test,using the test subject as a block.

[0175] If dryness and erythema rank scores are also assigned at eachevaluation, the treatments will be compared with respect to the rankscores by application of the Friedman's test on the ranks, with subjectacting as a block [ref. Hollander, Myles and Douglas A. Wolfe.Nonparametric Statistical Methods. New York, N.Y. John Wiley & Sons,1973, pp. 139-146].

[0176] At each evaluation, if Friedman's test examining treatmenteffects is significant at a p-value of 0.05 or other preselected level,then multiple comparison tests comparing each pair of treatments will beperformed. For comparison of all possible pairs of treatments, theprocedure documented in Hollander and Wolfe pp. 151-155 will be used.This test is based on the Friedman rank sums. For comparison oftreatments vs. a control, the procedure documented in Hollander andWolfe pp. 155-158 will be used.

[0177] Modified Standard Arm Wash Protocol

[0178] This test has been described in detail and validated by Sharko etal for cleansers and is easily adapted for rinse-off wet skin treatmentcompositions (Arm wash evaluation with instrumental evaluation—Asensitive technique for differentiating the irritation potential ofpersonal washing products, J. Derm. Clin. Eval. Soc. 2, 19 (1991)). Adescription of the protocol follows:

[0179] Subjects report to the testing facility for the conditioningphase of the study, which consists of using an assigned marketedpersonal washing cleanser for general use at home, up to four days priorto start of the product application phase. On Day 1 of the productapplication phase, a visual assessment is made to determine subjectqualification. Subjects must have dryness scores ≦1.0 and erythemascores ≦0.5, and be free of cuts and abrasions on or near the test sitesto be included in the product application phase. Subjects who qualify toenter the product application phase will be instructed to discontinuethe use of the conditioning product and any other skin care products ontheir inner forearms, with the exception of the skin cleansing testformulations that are applied during the testing visits. During the five(5) day product application phase of the study, visual assessments fordryness and erythema are conducted prior to each wash session. Washsessions are conducted 4 times daily, approximately 1.5 hours apart forthe first four (4) days. On the last day, there are two (2) washsessions followed by a final visual evaluation three hours after thefinal wash. Each application consists of a one application of therinse-off treatment composition. Up to a total of 18 washes and 19evaluations performed in this protocol. Instrument measurements aretaken at baseline, at various time points after the application andrinsing phase.

[0180] Application Procedure:

[0181] 1. Timer is set to designated application time

[0182] 2. The left test site (volar forearm) is washed with a controlcleanser (e.g., 1 minute), and rinsed with warm water (90°-100° F.).

[0183] 3. Treatment product is dispensed, and the timer is started.

[0184] 4. The site is treated in a back and forth motion, one stroke persecond (a stroke is from the inner elbow to the wrist and back to theinner elbow) for the designated time.

[0185] 5. The fingertips are re-wet at the midpoint of application,i.e., at 30 sec, for a one minute application.

[0186] 6. The site is rinsed with warm running water and patted dry.

[0187] 7. The above procedure (1-6) is repeated for the right test site.

[0188] Evaluation Methods

[0189] Baseline visual assessments are made prior to the start of theproduct application phase, and immediately before each wash session toevaluate dryness. The same evaluator under conditions that areconsistent throughout the study will conduct all of the visualevaluations. The 0-4 grading scale that is essentially identical to thatdescribed for the Leg Wash Protocol above, shown in is used to assessthe test sites for dryness. To maintain the evaluator's blindness toproduct assignment, the visual assessments will be conducted in aseparate area away from the product application area.

[0190] Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) measurements for barrierintegrity are made on each test site using a Servomed Evaporimeter EP1and/or EP2 at the beginning (baseline value), and at various time pointsafter product application, and at the end of the study. Two consecutivefifteen-second readings per test site are taken for each TEWLevaluation, following a thirty-second equilibration period. (See methoddescription below)

[0191] Skin conductance is measured using a SKICON-200 instrument, withan MT-8C probe, and/or Capacitance is measured using a Corneometer, atthe beginning (baseline value), and at the end of the productapplication phase or at the time of discontinuation (final value). Thesemethods provide objective measures of stratum corneum hydration. Threeconsecutive readings per test site will be taken and averaged (Seemethod description below)

[0192] Data Analysis

[0193] The dryness is treated as ordered categorizations; hence,nonparametric statistical methods are used. At each evaluation point,the differences in clinical grades (evaluation score subtracting thebaseline score) within each product is evaluated using the WilcoxonSigned-Rank test, Praft-Lehmann version (Lehmann, E. L. Nonparametrics:Statistical Methods Based on Ranks. San Francisco, Calif.: Holden Day,1975, pg.130). Statistical significance will be determined at the 90%confidence level (p<0.10). This will indicate if the treatment resultsare statistically significant from their baseline score.

[0194] Means, median scores, and mean ranks across all subjects for eachtreatment at each evaluation point are calculated and recorded. At eachevaluation point, the differences in clinical grades(evaluation-baseline) for each test product is evaluated using theWilcoxon Signed-Rank test, Pratt-Lehmann version. This indicates if theproducts are statistically significantly different from each other (90%confidence level (p<0.10).

[0195] For the instrumental data, the same comparisons are made usingparametric statistical methods. The TEWL and conductance measurementsare averaged separately for each subject, site, and session. For alltreatments, treatment differences are statistically compared using apaired t-test at each evaluation point. Statistical significance will bedetermined at the 90% confidence level (p<0.10).

[0196] The data will also be assessed to determine whether one treatmentimpacts skin condition to a greater degree relative to the other testcell through the number of discontinuations. For each attribute, asurvival analysis will examine treatment performance over wash sessions.The analysis will incorporate the number of wash sessions that asubject's treatment site is actually washed in the study.

[0197] If dryness rank scores are also assigned at each evaluation, thetreatments will be compared with respect to the rank scores byapplication of the Friedman's test on the ranks, with subject acting asa block [ref. Hollander, Myles and Douglas A. Wolfe. NonparametricStatistical Methods. New York, N.Y. John Wiley & Sons, 1973, pp.139-146].

[0198] At each evaluation, if Friedman's test examining treatmenteffects is significant at a p-value of 0.05 or other preselected level,then multiple comparison tests comparing each pair of treatments will beperformed. For comparison of all possible pairs of treatments, theprocedure documented in Hollander and Wolfe pp. 151-155 will be used.This test is based on the Friedman rank sums. For comparison oftreatments vs. a control, the procedure documented in Hollander andWolfe pp. 155-158 will be used.

[0199] The Modified Arm Wash Protocol described above is also easilymodified to utilize 4 sites (2 on each arm) instead of two.

[0200] Transepidermal Water Loss Test (TEWL)

[0201] The Derma Lab Model #CR 200001-140 was used to quantify the ratesof transepidermal water loss following the procedures similar to thoseoutlined by Murahata et al (“The use of transepidermal water loss tomeasure and predict the irritation response to surfactants” Int. J. Cos.Science 8, 225 (1986)). TEWL provides a quantitative measure of theintegrity of the stratum corneum barrier function and the relativeeffect of cleansers.

[0202] The operating principle of the instrument is based on Fick's lawwhere

(1/A)(dm/dt)=−D (dp/dx)

[0203] where

[0204] A=area of the surface (m²)

[0205] m=weight of transported water (g)

[0206] t=time (hr)

[0207] D=constant, 0.0877 g-1h-1 (mm Hg)-1 related to the diffusioncoefficient of water

[0208] p=partial pressure of water vapor in air (mm Hg)

[0209] x=distance of the sensor from the skin surface (m)

[0210] The evaporation rate, dm/dt, is proportional to the partialpressure gradient, dp/dx. The evaporation rate can be determined bymeasuring the partial pressures at two points whose distance above theskin is different and known, and where these points are within a rangeof 15-20 mm above the skin surface.

[0211] The general clinical requirements are as follows:

[0212] 1. All panelists are equilibrated for a minimum of fifteenminutes before measurements in a test room in which the temperature andrelative humidity are controlled.

[0213] 2. The test sites are measured or marked in such a way that preand post treatment measurements can be taken at approximately the sameplace on the skin.

[0214] 3. The probe is applied in such a way that the sensors areperpendicular to the test site, using a minimum of pressure.

[0215] Probe Calibration is achieved with a calibration set (No. 2110)which is supplied with the instrument. The kit must be housed in athermo-insulated box to ensure an even temperature distribution aroundthe instrument probe and calibration flask.

[0216] The three salt solution used for calibration are LiCl, [MgNO₃]₂,and K₂SO₄. Pre-weighed amounts of slat at high purity are supplied withthe kit instrument. The solution concentrations are such that the threesolutions provide a RH of ˜11.2%, ˜54.2%, and ˜97% respectively at 21°C.

[0217] General use of the instrument is as follows:

[0218] 1. For normal studies, instrument readings are taken with theselector switch set for 1-100 g/m2h range

[0219] 2. The protective cap is removed from the probe and the measuringhead is placed so that the Teflon capsule is applied perpendicularly tothe evaluation site ensuring that a minimum pressure is applied from theprobe head. To minimize deviations of the zero point, the probe headshould be held by the attached rubber-insulating stopper.

[0220] 3. Subject equilibration time prior to prior to evaluation is 15minutes in a temperature/humidity controlled room.

[0221] 4. The probe is allowed to stabilize at the test site for aminimum of 30 seconds before data acquisition. When air drafts exist andbarrier damage is high it is recommended to increase the stabilizationtime.

[0222] 5. Data is acquired during the 15 seconds period following thestabilization time.

[0223] Skin Hydration Test

[0224] The Corneometer CM820PC (Courage & Khazaha, Kohl, Germany) is adevice widely used in the cosmetic industry. It allows high frequency,alternating voltage electrical measurements of skin capacitance to besafely made via an electrode applied to the skin surface. The parametersmeasured have been found to vary with skin hydration. However, they mayalso vary with many other factors such as skin temperature, sweat glandactivity, and the composition of any applied product. The Corneometercan only give directional changes in the water content of the upperstratum corneum under favorable circumstances but even here thequantitative interpretations may prove misleading.

[0225] A widely used alternative is the Skicon Skin conductance Meter(I.B.S. Co Ltd. Shizuoka-ken, Japan).

[0226] Panelist Requirements for either instrument are as follows:

[0227] 1. Subjects should equilibrate to room conditions, which aremaintained at a fixed temperature and relative humidity for a minimum of15 minutes with their arms exposed. Air currents should be minimized.

[0228] 2. Physical and psychological distractions should be minimized,e.g., talking and moving around.

[0229] 3. Consumption during at least 1 hour before measurement of hotbeverages or of any products containing caffeine should be avoided.

[0230] 4. Panelists should avoid smoking for at least 30 minutes priorto measurements.

[0231] Operating Procedure

[0232] 1. The probe should be lightly applied so as to cause minimumdepression of the skin surface by the outer casing. The measuringsurface is spring- loaded and thus the probe must be applied withsufficient pressure that the black cylinder disappears completely insidethe outer casing.

[0233] 2. The probe should be held perpendicular to the skin surface.

[0234] 3. The operator should avoid contacting hairs on the measure sitewith the probe.

[0235] 4. The probe should remain in contact with the skin until theinstrument's signal beeper sounds (about 1 second) and then be removed.Subsequent measurements can be made immediately provided the probesurface is known to be clean.

[0236] 5. A minimum of 3 individual measurements should be taken atseparate points on the test area and averaged to represent the meanhydration of the site.

[0237] 6. A dry paper tissue should be used to clean the probe betweenreadings.

EXAMPLES Example 1 Retention of Oil When the Dispersed Phase is aStructured Oil

[0238] This example illustrates that structuring the skin compatible oilwith a network dramatically improves its ability to be retained on wetskin after rinsing. The example also illustrates the high efficiency ofretention of the inventive composition compared to the use of baby oil—aconventional composition often applied to wet skin during bathing.

[0239] Four samples with composition given in Table 1 were prepared toshow effect of oil viscosity on deposition efficiency. All the samplescontain same amount of oils (15 wt. %) with droplet size in the range of2 to 300 microns. Samples were prepared using the method described asfollow. An oil premix containing all the emollient oils in theformulation (sunflower seed oil, Parsol MCX, petrolatum, polybutene ortrihydroxystearin) is prepared by mixing the oils at 70 to 85° C. toform a clear uniform mixture. The oil mixture is then cooled below 40°C. to form a viscous oil mixture before adding into the formulation. Ina separate mixer, a thickened aqueous solution containing water solublepolymer (Xanthan Gum or Carbopol), surfactants, glycerin, perfume andGlydant plus with a pH in the range of 6.5 to 7.0 was prepared. 15 partsof the oil premix was then injected into 85 parts of the thickenedaqueous solution using a syringe. The aqueous solution containing lumpsof oil mixture was then passed through a screen to make the finalproduct containing large oil droplets with size in the range of 20 to300 microns. Screen with openings of 200 micrometer is used for Examples1B, 1C and 1D. Screen with openings of 1000 micrometer is used forExample 1A. Example 1A contains droplets of low viscosity oil, a mixtureof sunflower seed oil and Parsol MCX with viscosity less than 200centistokes at 1 rps. Examples 1B, 1C and 1D contain viscose oil withviscosity higher than 20,000 centistokes at 1 rps. The mixture of lowviscosity oils (Parsol MCX and sunflower seed oil) is thickened eitherwith trihydroxystearin (Example 1D) or with petrolatum (Example 1B and1C). A comparative example (Comparative Example 1) contains neatsunflower seed oil mixed with Parsol MCX was also used for comparison.TABLE 1 Comparative Example 1A Example 1B Example 1C Example 1D Example1 Xanthan Gum 0.43 0.43 — — — Keltro CG-RD Carbopol — — 0.43 0.43 —Pemulene TR1 KOH — — 0.24 0.24 — Sunflower seed oil 11.25 — 4.5 12.6 90(Triglyceride oil) Petrolatum — 7.50 9.0 — — Indopol H1500 — 3.75 — — —Polybutene Thixcin R — — — 0.9 — (trihydroxystearin) Parsol MCX 3.753.75 1.5 1.5 10 Na Laureth (3) sulfate 0.9 0.9 — — — Na cocoamidopropyl0.45 0.45 — — — betaine Alkyl polyglucoside — — 0.85 0.85 — Plantarem2000 Glycerin 5.0 5.0 4.3 4.3 — Perfume 0.5 0.5 0.34 0.34 — Glydant plux0.2 0.2 0.17 0.17 — D I water To 100 To 100 To 100 To 100 0.00 OilViscosity (Poise) @ 0.15 380 560 1800 0.15 1 Sec − 1 Skin RetentionEfficiency 0.0343 0.644 0.377 0.455 0.12 Index (after rinsing based onParsol MCX)

[0240] Deposition efficiency of these samples determined using themethod described in the deposition protocol section is summarized in thetable above. The result clearly show that oil retention of the wet-skintreatment composition provide a greatly enhanced retention when the oilphase is structured by a solid network and when the dispersed structureoil phase has the viscosity and droplet size set forth herein. Incontrast unstructured oil phases (comprised of Parsol MCX or sunflowerseed oil) even when at the correct droplet size are not efficientlydeposited. Compare Samples 1B, 1C and 1D with Sample 1A. The skinretention efficiency for all the compositions containing large dropletsof structured oil phase is higher than 0.35 and is more than a factor of10 higher than the unstructured oil phase containing dispersion and isabout a factor of 3 to 5 higher than the comparative example of babyoil—a widely used shower treatment.

Example 2 Effect of Particle Size of Structured Oil Phase on OilRetention

[0241] This example illustrates the skin retention of wet-skin treatmentcompositions whose dispersed phase falls within the preferred particlesize range.

[0242] Four samples with the composition same as Example 1B of Example 1but having different particle sizes were prepared to show the effect ofparticle size on oil retention after rinsing. The particle size wasmeasured using Malvern Mastersizer X. Effect of droplet size on oilretention is summarized at the table below. Particle size has a bigeffect on oil retention of viscous oil droplets. To achieve highest skinretention efficiency, the structured oil phase of the wet-skin treatmentcomposition should have an oil droplets size that is larger than 1micron, preferably larger than 5 microns. TABLE 2 Example ExampleExample Example Example 2A 2B 2C 2C 2D Particle size 0.243 um** 4.59 um22.6 um 189.6 um 399.9 um (micrometers) Oil retention index 0.0216 0.2140.54 0.61 0.71 after rinsing based on Parsol MCX

Example 3 Effect of Oil Viscosity and Composition on Perceived SensoryProperties

[0243] This examples demonstrates an important property of the wet-skincompositions employing structured oil technology disclosed herein.Namely, this technology is perceived to moisturize skin withoutimparting an excessively greasy/oil feel.

[0244] Three Examples exemplifying the compositions of the instantinvention were prepared having the compositions shown in Table 3.Example 3A and 3B respectively contain 7.5% and 15% of sunflower seedstructured with Thixcin R. Example 3C contain 7.5% of sunflower seed oilstructured with petrolatum, fatty acid and Superhartolan. 2 comparativeexamples and one commercial shower conditioner are used for comparison.Comparative Example 3D is a composition containing 7.5% ofnon-structured sunflower seed oil; and the comparative Example 3E is acontrol sample does not contain any oil but is otherwise identical tothe other Example 3 compositions. All the compositions were preparedusing the method described in Example 1. TABLE 3 Comparative ComparativeExample 3A Example 3B Example 3C Example 3D Example 3E Carbopol 0.460.43 0.46 0.46 0.46 Pemulene TR1 KOH 0.24 0.22 0.24 0.24 0.24 Alkylpolyglucoside 0.925 0.925 0.85 0.925 0.925 Plantarem 2000 Glycerin 5.554.3 5.55 5.55 5.55 Perfume 0.37 0.34 0.37 0.37 0.37 Glydant plux 0.180.18 0.17 0.18 0.18 D I water 84.7 78.6 84.7 84.7 92.5 Sunflower seedoil 7.13 14.25 2.25 7.5 0.0 Thixcin R 0.37 0.75 — — — Petrolatum — —4.125 — — Palmitic acid — — 0.75 — — Superhartolan — — 0.375 — — Lathervolume by Less than Less than Less than Less than cylinder shake method5 cc 5 cc 5 cc 5 cc Zein solubility <0.08 wt. % <0.08 wt. % <0.08 wt. %<0.08 wt. % 0.05 wt. % Oily/greasy None Medium Low None None Wet-skinfeel Moisturized skin feel Medium Medium to Medium None None 15 to 20minutes after high rinsing and pat dry

[0245] An expert sensory panel under the standard conditions describedin the Test Methods section evaluated the sensory properties of theabove compositions. Two key sensory properties were assessed: wet-skinfeel during rinsing (oily-greasy feel), and skin feel after the skin wasdry (moisturized feel). These perceived attributes of the 6 samples bythe expert sensory panel are summarized at the bottom of Table 3. Thethree composition that contain a structured oil phase in the dropletsize range disclosed herein are perceived to deliver a medium to highlevel of moisturization to the skin without excessively oily skin duringrinsing (Examples 3 A-C). The comparative Examples 3 D, and 3E do notprovide a perceivable moisturizing effect on dry skin again illustratingthat it is the presence of the dispersed structured oil phase of thecorrect droplet size that is essential to the performance of thecomposition.

Example 4 Comparison with Commercial Compositions Disclosed in the Art

[0246] This example illustrates one advantage of the wet-skin treatmentcompositions disclosed herein over prior art compositions, namely thatthey can provide moisturization without an excessively greasy feelduring use.

[0247] An expert sensory evaluation was carried out comparing thecomposition of Example 3B (Table 3) with a composition disclosed in theU.S. Pat. No. 5,928,632 that contained mineral oil thickened with acombination of butylene/ethylene/styrene and ethylene/propylene/ styrenecopolymers. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0248] The composition containing polymer-thickened mineral oil,although providing a medium degree of moisturized skin feel 15 to 20minutes after drying was perceived to have very oily/greasy wet-skinfeel and to be difficult to rinse. In contrast, Example 3B provide ahigher level moisturizing benefit but was easy to rinse and did not feelexcessively oily/greasy. TABLE 4 Oil-in-water emulsion Composition ofExample according to U.S. 3B Pat. No. 5,928,632^(a) Ease of Rinsing Easyto rinse Very difficult to rinse Oily./Greasy Wet-Skin Medium Very highfeel Perceived degree of Medium to high Medium moisturization afterdrying

Example 5 Effect of Oil Composition on Wet-skin Feel

[0249] This example illustrates the use of sensory modifiers to changethe perceived wet skin feel of the compositions according to thisinvention prepared with various skin compatible oils. In these examples,polybutene (Indopol H1500) was used to modify the wet-skin feel of thedeposited viscous oils. All the samples were prepared according to theprocedures described in Example 1. Polybutene is premixed with thestructured oil phase before adding this phase into aqueous phase. Theresults shown in Table 5 clearly show that the wet-skin feel of providedby the treatment composition can be changed from an oily/greasy feel tonon oily/greasy, very draggy rinse feel by replacing 30 wt. % of thetotal structured oil phase with polybutene. Preferred level and type ofpolybutene to deliver the most desired wet-skin feel depends onconsumer's bathing habit and expectation and can be tailored by oneskilled in the art with minimal experimentation. TABLE 5 Example ExampleExample Example 5A 5B 5C 5C Carbopol 0.46 0.46 0.43 0.43 Pemulene TR1KOH 0.24 0.24 0.22 0.22 Alkyl polyglucoside 0.925 0.925 0.85 0.85Plantarem 2000 Glycerin 5.55 5.55 5.2 5.2 Perfume 0.37 0.37 0.34 0.34Glydant plux 0.185 0.185 0.17 0.17 D I water 84.76 84.7 77.8 77.8Sunflower seed oil 2.25 1.58 14.25 12.6 Thixcin R — 0.75 0.9 Petrolatum4.13 2.89 — — Palmitic acid 0.75 0.53 — Superhartolan 0.375 0.253 —Indopol H1500 — 2.25 — 4.5 Polybutene Oily/greasy Low None Medium Nonewet-skin feel Draggy wet-skin feel Low High None High Moisturized skinfeel Medium Medium Medium Medium 15 to 20 minutes after to high to highpat dry

Example 6

[0250] This example illustrates the wide range of structurants that canbe employed with various preferred classes of skin compatible oilsdisclosed herein. Same procedure described in Example 1 was used toprepare all the examples. Phase A, a carbopol-structured aqueous phase,and phase B, thickened-oil premix, were prepared first. Phase B was theninjected into phase A using a syringe and passed through screen with 200micrometer opening twice to make in-shower conditioners containing oildroplets with average particle size larger than 5 micrometers. All thesamples are easy to rinse off and provide very good after wash softsmooth moisturizing skin feel. TABLE 6 EXAMPLES COMPOSITION 6A 6B 6C 6D6E 6F 6G Phase A Carbopol 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 Pemulen TR1KOH 0.189 0.189 0.189 0.189 0.189 0.189 0.189 Cocylamidopropyl 0.5 0.50.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 betaine Glycerin 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 Perfume0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 Glydant plux 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.200.20 0.20 D I water 77.26 77.26 77.26 77.26 77.26 77.26 72.26 Phase BSunflower seed oil 5.25 5.25 — — — 6.0 8.0 Isopropylpalmitate — — 6.010.5 — — — Mineral oil — — — — 10.5 — — Petrolatum 9.0 9.0 9.0 — — 7.512.0 Paraffin wax 0.75 — — — — — — (melting point: 53-57° C.)Stearamidopropyl — 0.75 — — — — — dimethylamine (Lipamine SPA) BentoneGel MIO V — — — 4.5 4.5 — — (hydrophobic clay) Beewax — — — — — 1.5 —

Example 7 Wet-skin Treatment Composition Providing UV Protection

[0251] This example illustrates a wet-skin treatment compositionaccording to the principles disclosed herein that provides an additionalfunctional skin care benefits beyond moisturization, namely UVprotection. The procedures according to Example 1 was used to prepareExample 7 whose composition is shown in Table 7. Example 7 contains acommon organic hydrocarbon UV sunscreen, Parsol MCX that was structuredwith petrolatum before dispersing it in the aqueous phase. Sunprotection factor was determined by a standard in-vivo protocol. Theresults show that the composition of Example 7 contains 4% Parsol MCXprovided a SPF equal to 2.2. TABLE 7 Example 7 FULL CHEMICAL NAME %ACTIVE Polyacrylic acid polymer 0.4 Carbopol KOH 0.21 Alkylpolyglycoside0.8 Glycerin 6 Petrolatum 12 Polybutene 4 2ethylhexyl-p-methoxycinnamate 4 DMDM HYDANTOIN 0.2 Perfume 0.5 Deionizedwater 71.9 SPF (sun protection factor) 2.2

Example 8 Various Compositions

[0252] Additional compositions exemplifying the invention are given inTable 8. All compositions have a droplet size between 20 and 200 micronsand the structured oil phase has a viscosity between 200 and 2000 poiseat a shear rate of 1 Sec-1. TABLE 8 EXAMPLES OMPOSITION 8A 8B 8C 8D 8E8F 8G 8H Oil Soybean oil 14.25 — — 10 — 2 — 3 Mineral oil — 4.0 — — — —5 — Isopropyl palmitate — — 3 — — — 5 — Sunflower seed oil — — 7 — 9.210.5 2 — Silicone oil — — 4 — — — 3 — Poly alphaolefin oil — — — 4 — — —— Structurant — — — — — — — — Hydrophobic Clay — — — — — 4.5 — — ThixcinR 0.75 — 0.75 1.0 — — — — Petrolatum — 6.0 — — — — — 12 HydrophobicSilica — — — — 0.8 — 2.0 — Dispersion stabilizer Pemulen TR1 — — 0.3 — —— — 0.5 Xanthan gum 0.4 0.1 — — — 0.2 — Carbopol ETD2020 — — — 0.3 0.10.2 0.1 — Laponite XLS — — — — 0.4 — — — Cab-O-sil — 1.0 — — — — — —Structure Solan — — — — — 0.6 — — Emulsifier Alkyl polyglycoside — 0.53.0 — — — 0.3 — Cocamidopropyl betaine — — — 0.5 0.1 — — — Na cetearylsulfate 3.0 — — — — — — — Cetyl alcohol/Ceteareth-20 2.0 — — — — 3.5 5.0— Benefit agent Glycerol 10 40 3.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Cholesterol — —2.0 0.1 — — — — Vitamin A and E — — 0.2 0.5 — — — — Niacinamide — — — —2.0 — — — Triclosan — — — — — 1.0 — — Eucalyptus oil 1.0 — — — — — — —Menthol — — — — — — 0.2 — Parsol MCX — — — — — — — 4.0 Parsol 1789 — — —— — — — 2.0 Perfume 0.3 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 Water to 100 to 100to 100 to 100 to 100 to 100 to 100 to 100

Example 9 Effect of Wet-skin Treatment Composition on Visual Dryness

[0253] This example demonstrates that the wet-skin treatmentcompositions deliver a significant enduring reduction in the dryness ofskin. Examples 9A -9C whose compositions are shown in Table 9 wereprepared according to the procedures of example 1. These compositionswere evaluated by in the Controlled Application Leg dryness testdescribed in the methods section. Dryness was evaluated 4 hours afterapplication. The decrease in dryness relative to the initial baseline isshown in the last row of Table 9. Examples 9B, 9C and 9D providesignificant reductions in dryness after 4 hours. The magnitude of thedecrease in dryness produced by these compositions is twice as large asa control composition (9A) that does not have a structured oil phase.TABLE 9 Example 9A 9B 9C 9D 253 914 438 760 FULL CHEMICAL NAME % % % %Polyacrylic acid polymer 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.43 Petrolatum — — 12 8.25Superhartolan — — — 0.75 Prifrac 2960 — — — 1.5 Thixcin R — 0.75 — —Sunflower seed oil 15 14.25 3 4.5 Alkylpolyglycoside 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75Glycerin 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.52 KOH 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 DMDM HYDANTOIN 0.20.20 0.20 — Perfume 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Deionized water To 100 To 100 To 100To 100 Mean Decrease in Dryness relative 0.203 0.37 0.49 0.47 tobaseline 4 hrs after treatment. (average of 3 days)

Example 10 Effect of Wet-skin Treatment Composition on TransepidermalWater Loss (TEWL)

[0254] This example demonstrates that the wet-skin treatmentcompositions disclosed herein deliver a significant and enduringreduction in transepidermal water loss (TEWL).

[0255] Baseline TEWL were obtained before product application. 20microliter product was applied to wet test site (4 cm²) for 30 secondsand allow to stay for an additional 30 seconds. The site was then rinsedfor 15 seconds using a squeeze bottle and padded dry. The TEWL value wasmeasured again 1 hour after product application. Three subjects weretested and the average results are listed in Table 10.

[0256] Examples 10A-10C whose compositions are shown in Table 10 wereprepared and evaluated by transepidermal water loss test as describedabove (see Methods Section for details). Examples 10A and 10B containpreferred compositions of the invention, large droplet oil dispersionsof crystal-thickened sunflower seed oil in a carbopol structured aqueousgel. Example 10C is deionzed water used as a control. TEWL was evaluated1 hour after application. Temperature and relative humidity of the roomwere 21° C. and 23% RH respectively. The decrease in TEWL relative tothe initial baseline is shown in the last row of the table. Examples 10Aand 10B provide reductions in TEWL after 1 hour and their effects arelarger than water (10C). TABLE 10 Sample 10A 10B 10C FULL CHEMICAL NAME% Active % Active % Active Polyacrylic acid polymer 0.3 0.3 — (CarbopolETD 2020) Sunflower seed oil 5.5 9.5 — Thixcin R 0.29 0.50Alkylpolyglycoside 0.5 0.5 — Glycerin 6.0 6.0 — KOH 0.15 0.15 — Propylp-hydroxybenzoate 0.10 0.10 — Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate 0.15 0.15 —Perfume 1.0 1.0 — Deionized water To 100 To 100 100 Mean reduction inTEWL (1 hour 1.8 2.4 −1.3 after product application)

Example 11 Effect of Wet-skin Treatment Composition on Skin Hydration

[0257] This example demonstrates that the wet-skin treatmentcompositions disclosed herein deliver a significant and enduringimprovement in skin hydration.

[0258] Baseline corneometer readings were obtained on the test sitebefore product application. 20 microliters product was applied to wettest site (4 cm²) for 30 seconds and allow to stay for an additional 30seconds. The site was then rinsed for 15 seconds using a squeeze bottleand pad dried. One hour after product application, the test sites werewiped to remove surface oil using dry tissue. Corneometer value was thenmeasured. Three subjects were tested and average results were listed inTable 11.

[0259] Examples 11A-11C whose compositions are shown in Table 11 wereprepared and evaluated by Corneometer test described in the MethodsSection. Examples 11A and 11B are the preferred in shower skinconditioner of the invention. Again, 11C is deionized water used ascontrol. Corneometer value was evaluated 1 hour after application.Temperature and relative humidity of the room were 21° C. and 23% RHrespectively. The increase in corneometer reading relative to theinitial baseline is shown in the last row of Table 11. Examples 11A and11B provide increase in Corneometer reading after 1 hour and theireffects are larger than water (11C). TABLE 11 Sample 11A 11B 11C FULLCHEMICAL NAME % Active % Active % Active Polyacrylic acid polymer 0.30.3 — (Carbopol ETD 2020) Sunflower seed oil 5.5 9.5 — Thixcin R 0.290.50 Alkylpolyglycoside 0.5 0.5 — Glycerin 6.0 6.0 — KOH 0.15 0.15 —Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate 0.10 0.10 — Metyl p-hydroxybenzoate 0.15 0.15 —Perfume 1.0 1.0 — Deionized water To 100 To 100 100 Mean increase in10.2 11.0 4.0 Corneometer Reading (1 hour after product application)

We claim:
 1. Process for making a wet-skin treatment compositioncomprising: a) an aqueous phase comprising water and a dispersionstabilizer; b) a structured oil phase comprising: i) a skin compatibleoil, ii) a structurant that forms a stable network of finely dividedsolids in said liquid skin compatible oil at a temperature below 35° C.and wherein said structurant is present in an amount sufficient to causesaid oil phase to have a viscosity of 100 to 5000 poise measured at 1sec-1 at 25° C.; wherein said oil phase is dispersed in said aqueousphase to form an oil-in-water dispersion having a weight average dropletsize of about 20 to about 500 microns; wherein said structured oil phaseis retained on the skin as measured by a skin retention efficiency indexof at least 0.15 as determined in the in-vitro skin retention test;wherein said oil-in-water emulsion has a low irritation potential asmeasured by zein solubility below 0.3 as measured by the zein solubilitytest; and wherein said emulsion is low foaming as measured by a foamvolume below 5 cc as measured in the solution shake test; wherein saidprocess comprises: (i) mixing structured oil phase and aqueous phasecomprising dispersion stabilizer to form droplets of an aqueous solutioncontaining oil mixture having weight average droplet size of greaterthan about 100 microns; (ii) passing said mixture through a screenhaving opening of up to about 2000 micrometers to make oil drops ofabout 20 to 500 microns in size.
 2. A process according to claim 1,wherein the skin compatible oil is a hydrocarbon oil, an ester oil, or asilicone oil.
 3. A process according to claim 1, wherein the structurantis an organic or inorganic structurant or mixtures thereof.
 4. A processaccording to claim 3, wherein the organic structurant forms a solutionin said skin compatible oil at a temperature greater than 40° C. andsaid structurant solidifies to form said stable network of finelydivided solid particles upon cooling said solution to a temperaturebelow 35° C.
 5. A process according to claim 1, wherein weight averagedroplet size is 5 to 500 microns.
 6. The process according to claim 1,wherein the structured oil phase has a weight average droplet size inthe range of 20 to about 200 microns.
 7. The process according to claim1, wherein the structured oil phase has a viscosity in the range of 200to 2000 poise at a shear rate of 1 sec-1 and a temperature of 25° C. 8.The process according to claim 1, which additionally comprises anauxiliary benefit agent.
 9. The process according to claim 8, whereinthe auxiliary benefit agent is a functional skin benefit agent selectedfrom the group consisting of humectants, occlusive agents, barrierlipids, skin repair agents, UV screens, vitamins, skin lighteningagents, antimicrobials, antioxidants, and mixtures thereof.
 10. Theprocess according to claim 8, wherein the auxiliary benefit agent is asensory modifier selected from the group consisting of emollients, skinconditioning agents, perfumes, distributing agents, chemosensory agentsand mixtures thereof.
 11. The process according to claim 8, wherein theauxiliary benefit agent is a chemical preservative.
 12. The processaccording to claim 8, wherein the auxiliary benefit agent is a chelatingagent.
 13. The process according to claim 8, wherein the auxiliarybenefit agent is an essential oil.